Internal combustion motor



June 1933- H. A. PALMER INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR Filed Oct. 21', 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 7//////////////V/A//-..OH, m

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June 13, 1933. H. A. PALMER INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 21, 1930 5315/ mxirz.

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Patented June 13, 1933 UNITED STATES HARRY A. PALMER, OE BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO PALMER INVENTIONS,

PATENT OFFIOE INC., OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR This invention relates to an internal combustion motor designed primarily for the use of fuel oil, but it is to be understood that any suitable combustible charge may be employed with the motor, and the invention has for its object to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a motor of the class referred to having an ignition deviceextending into the compression chamber of the motor and including an electrical heating element under the control of the operator and primarily used for starting, but after several cycles the circuit to the element is shut off and the repeated explosions keep the element sufficiently hot to ignite the combustible charge in the compression space.

A further object of the invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, an

internal combustion motor including an electrical heating element enclosed by a perforated cap and with the latter functioning to improve combustion, increase turbulence of the gases, protect the heating element, retain warm gases about the heating element thus preventing its being cooled by air, provide an efiicient scavenging action due to directional flow due to the perforations in the cap and obtain high velocity of the gases passing through the perforations, with consequent friction causing an increase in temperature.

A further object of the invention is to pro.- vide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, an internal combustion motor including a closed forward end and open rear end piston for the passage therethrough of, to draw in and compress the air or fuel mixture, as well as to transmit the force of the explosion, the piston being symmetrical and provided with fins whereby it is cooled continually bylthe 4Q passage of air or fuel mixture to be worked thus attaining a cooled piston and minimum distortion.

A further object of the inventinon is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, 451 an internal combustion motor including a piston and a cylinder, the latter being provided with a bypass or receiving compartment circumferentially of the side thereof and the former having a slot in its side wall and with the slot and by-pass coacting to transfer the air or fuel mixture from the interior of the piston to the compression chamber of the motor.

Further objects of the invention are to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth,

an internal combustion motor whichi's simple in its construction and arrangement, strong, durable, compact, thoroughly efficient in its use, readily assembled, and comparatively inexpensive to set-up.

With the foregoing and other objects in view the invention consists of the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts as hereinafter more specifically described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein is shown an embodiment of the invention, but it is to be understood that changes, variations and modifications can be hadwhich fall within the scope of the claims hereunto appended.

In the drawings wherein like reference characters denote corresponding parts throughout the several views:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a combustion motor in accordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary view in longitudinal section V and upon an enlarged scale illustrating theelectrical heating device.

Figure 3 is anelevation upon an enlarged scaleillustrating the protecting cap forming an element of the electrical heating device.

Figure 4: is an elevation of the piston illustrating the outlet slot in the piston.

Figure 5 is a sectional plan of the motor illustrating the slot in the piston registering with the by-pass formed on the cylinder wall.

, Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 are diagrammatic views illustrating the cycles of the piston with respect to the cylinder of'the motor.

The cylinder of the motor comprises a body portion 1, closed at its inner end as at 2 by an integral closure. The outer end of body portion 1 has fixedly secured therewith a head 3 for the purpose of closing such outer end. The body portion 1 in proximity to the head 3 is formed with integral, circumferentially extending cooling fins 4.

Between the transverse median of the body portion 1 and the closed end 2 said body portion is formed with an intake for the entrance of a fuel mixture. At a point between the transverse median of body portion 1 and head 3 said body portion is formed with an exhaust opening 6. The body por tion 1 on the side thereof opposing the side provided with the fuel mixture intake 5 and exhaust 6 is formed with a circumferentially extending slot having registering with the outer, inner and end walls thereof the inner face of the outer, inner and end walls of a laterally disposed circumferentially extending hollow extension 7 of channel shape cross section. The extension 7 is integral with the cylinder body and in connection with said slot forms a by-pass orfuel receiving compartment 8. The outer wall of said extension 7 is disposed diametrically opposite said exhaust 6. The inner wall of said extension is disposed rearwardly with respect to the rear wall of exhaust 6.

The piston operating within the cylinder is of the type provided with means for bodily carrying a wrist pin, not shown, and the body portion 1 of the cylinder is formed with diametrically disposed, lengthwise extending slots 9, only one of which is shown, providing clearances for the ends of the wrist pin, the latter being employed for transmitting power from the piston to a power transmitting shaft, not shown.

The piston comprises a hollow cylindrical body 10 open at its rear end and closed at its forward end by a head11. The forward face of the head 11 is provided with a deflector 12 and integral with the rear face of head 11 and also with the inner face of body portion 10 are diametrically disposed spaced fins 13. The body portion 10 in proximity to the rear edge of the fins 13 is formed with an elongated slot 14 disposed circumferentially with respect to body portion 10. The piston body 10 is formed with diametrically disposed openings 15, only one of which is shown and integral with the inner face of the body portion 10 and registering with the openings 15 is a diametrically disposed sleeve 16 through which extends the wrist pin, not shown. The sleeve 16 provides means for coupling the wrist pin to the piston. Reinforcing webs 17, which are oppositely disposed are formed integral with the sleeve.

The head 3, Figures 1 and 2 is formed with an opening 18 having its wall threaded.

Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3 the electrical heating or ignition device 19 includes a carrier 20 formed of conducting material and provided with an axial bore 21. The carrier 20 is also provided with a laterally extending, annular flange 22, which when the ignition device is secured to head 3 abuts against the outer face of the latter. Extending through the bore 21 is a body 23 of insulation material which is of a length greater than the length of carrier 20 and projects from the inner face 24: of the latter. Formed integral with the inner face of the carrier 20 is a collar 25 provided with internal threads 26 and external threads 2'7. The external threads 27 engage with the threads of the wall of the opening 18 for securing the carrier 20 to the head 3. The inner face of the head 3 is dished as at 28 and the wall of the dished portion leads to the wall of the opening 18.

Embedded in the insulating body 23 and projecting inwardly therefrom into the combustion chamber is an electrical conductor or electrode 29 leading from a suitable source and terminating at its inner end into a coiled heating element 30 grounded to the body portion of a protecting cap referred to generally at 31 and which will be hereinafter more specifically referred to. The element 30 is coiled around and extends from that portion of the conductor 29 projecting from the inner end of the body 23.

The carrier 20 is formed throughout of conducting material and has secured to the internal threads 27 of the collar 25 the cylindrical body portion 32 of the protecting cap 31. The body portion 32 is open at one end, that is its forward end and closed at its rear end as at 33. The open end of body portion 32 abuts against the inner face 24 of carrier 20. The body portion 32 is provided with peripheral threads 34: which coact with the internal threads 26 of the collar 25 for the purpose of connecting the cap to the carrier and further for maintaining the cap in encompassing po' sition with respect to the heating element 30. The cap 31 projects a substantial distance inwardly with respect to the inner face of the head 3 and the conductor 29 extends in close proximity to the closed inner end 33 of the body portion 32. The body portion 32 of the cap 31 is provided with a series of spaced openings 35. The closed end 33 of body portion 32 is formed axially thereof with a drainage opening 36. The body 32 of the cap 31 is also formed with an opening 37 of greater diameter than the opening to allow the fuel to impinge on the heating element directly.

The purpose of the cap is to promote or 1111* prove combustion, increase turbulence of the gases, protect the heating element, enclose warm gases about the heating element thus preventing it being cooled by air, more thoroughly scavenging due to the directional flow provided by the perforations and further permitting of high veloci y of the gases passing through the perforations to causeconstant friction resulting in an increase in temperature.

The body portion 1 of the cylinder at a point in proximity to the fuel mixture intake 5 and between the latter and closed end 2 is provided with an opening 45. Positioned within the opening and discharging into iao the rear of the cylinder is a lubricant supply nozzle 46 which leads from the head 47 of a normally closed, valved controlled lubricant supply line 48. On the forward stroke of the piston after its rear end passes the discharge end of nozzle 46 and before it reaches fuel mixture intake 5 the suction created will provide for a supply of lubricant entering the rear of the cylinder. On the rear stroke of the piston the fuel mixture which has been supplied to the cylinder will be forced up through the piston and out 7 through slot 14 into by-pass 8.

I/Vith reference to Figure 6 it illustrates the position of the piston when firing. Figure 7 illustrates the position of the piston on exhaust. Figure 8 shows the position of the piston on the intake and Figure 9 illustrates the compression stroke of the piston. Figures 6, 7 8 and 9 are provided respectively with the legends Firing, Exhaust, Intake and Compression and directional arrows therefor. In Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 the cylinder of the motor is indicated at A and the piston operating in cylinder A at B.

What I claim is 1. In a combustion motor, a cylinder having a closed inner end, a closed outer end, an intake between its transverse median and inner end, and exhaust between its transverse median and outer end and a circumferentially extending slot having its forward wall diametrically opposite said exhaust and its rear wall positioned rearwardly with respect to the rear wall of the exhaust, a hollow lateral extension integral with the outer periphery ofthe cylinder, disposed circumferentially of the latter and formed of a pair of end walls, a forward wall, a rear wall and an outer side wall, said end, forward and rear walls of the extension being flush with the walls of said slot, said extension opening throughout its inner side into said slot and forming in connection with the latter a bypass, a reciprocatory piston operating in the cylinder and having an open rear end, a closed forward end, and a circumferentially extending slot in proximity to its forward end for establishing communication between the interior of the piston and the by-pass whereby the combustible fuel from the intake will be discharged into the bypass, said by-pass being of greater width than the slot in the piston to provide for the passage of the combustible charge from the by-pass forwardly of the cylinder, and a heating element for the charge secured to the closed end of the cylinder.

2. In a combustion motor, a cylinder having a closed inner end, a closed outer end, an intake between its transverse median and inner end, an exhaust between its transverse median and outer end and a circumferentially extending slot having its forward Wall diametrically opposite said exhaust and its rear wall positioned rearwardly with respect to the rear wall of the exhaust, a hollow lateral extension integral with the outer periphery of the cylinder, disposed circumferentially of the latter and formed of a pair of end walls, a forward wall, a rear wall and an outer side wall, said end, forward and rear walls of the extension being flush with the Walls of said slot, said extension opening throughout its side into said slot and forming in connection the latter a by-pass, a reciprocatory piston operating in the cylinder and having an open rear end, a closed forward end, and a circumferentially extending slot in proximity to its forward end for establishing communication between the interior of the piston and the bypass whereby the combustible fuel from the intake will be discharged into the by-pass, said by-pass being of greater width than the slot in the piston to provide for the passage of the combustible charge from the by-pass forwardly of the cylinder, a heating element, for the charge secured to the closed end of the cylinder, and a lubricant supply opening into the cylinder rearwardly of said intake.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature hereto.

HARRY A. PALMER. 

